Active substance combinations having insecticidal and acaricidal properties

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel insecticidally and acaricidally active compound combinations of N 2 -[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N 1 -{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamide of the formula (I) and active compounds identified in the disclosure.

The present invention relates to novel active compound combinationscomprising the knownN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideand other known insecticidally active compounds, which combinations arehighly suitable for controlling animal pests such as insects andunwanted acarids.

It is already known thatN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-(2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamidehas insecticidal properties (EP-A 1 006 107). The activity of thissubstance is good; however, at low application rates it is sometimesunsatisfactory.

Furthermore, it is already known that numerous heterocycles,benzoylureas and pyrethroids have insecticidal and acaricidal properties(cf. WO 93/22 297, WO 93/10 083, EP-A 0 210 487, EP-A 0 161 019, DE-A 2601 780, EP-A 0 235 725, DE-A 23 26 077, EP-A 0 295 11 and EP-A 0 234045). However, the action of these substances is not alwayssatisfactory.

It has now been found that the novel active compound combinations ofN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I)

A) benzoylureas, preferably

1. triflumuron

-   -   known from DE-A-26 01 780 and/or

2. flufenoxuron

-   -   known from EP-A 0 161 019 and/or        B) diacylhydrazines, preferably

3. methoxyfenozide

-   -   known from EP-A 0 639 559 and/or

4. tebufenozide

-   -   known from EP-A 0 339 854 and/or        C) chloronicotinyls, preferably

5. thiacloprid

-   -   known from EP-A 0 235 725 and/or

6. thiamethoxam

-   -   known from EP-A 0 580 553 and/or

7. dinotefuran

-   -   known from EP-A 0 649 845 and/or

8. clothianidin

-   -   known from EP-A 0 376 279 and/or        D) pyrethroids, preferably

9. deltamethrin

-   -   known from DE-A 23 26 077 and/or        E) phenylpyrazoles, preferably

10. ethiprole

-   -   known from DE-A 196 53 417 and/or

11. fipronil

-   -   known from EP-A 0 295 117 and/or        F) carboxylates, preferably

12. indoxacarb

-   -   known from WO 92/11249 and/or        G) macrolides, preferably

13. emamectin-benzoate

-   -   known from EP-A 0 089 202 and/or

14. abamectin

-   -   known from DE-A 27 17 040 and/or

15. spinosad

-   -   known from EP-A 0 375 316        have very good insecticidal and acaricidal properties.

Surprisingly, the insecticidal and acaricidal activity of the activecompound combination according to the invention is considerably higherthan the sum of the activities of the individual active compounds. Atrue, unforeseeable synergistic effect is present, and not just anaddition of activities.

In addition toN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I), the active compound combinations according to theinvention comprise at least one active compound from among compounds 1to 15.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and at least one benzoylurea, selected from compounds1 and 2.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and at least one diacylhydrazine, selected fromcompounds 3 and 4.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro-methyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and at least one chloronicotinyl, selected fromcompounds 5 to 8.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and deltamethrin.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and at least one phenylpyrazole, selected fromcompounds 10 and 11.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl)phthalamideof the formula (I) and indoxacarb.

Preference is given to active compound combinations comprising N2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and at least one macrolide, selected from compounds13 to 15.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl)phthalamideof the formula (I) and triflumuron.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and flufenoxuron.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and methoxyfenozide.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and tebufenozide.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and thiacloprid.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and thiamethoxam.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and dinotefuran.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and clothianidin.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and ethiprole.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and fipronil.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and emamectin-benzoate.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and abamectin.

Particular preference is given to active compound combinationscomprisingN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and spinosad.

In addition, the active compound combinations may also comprise furtherfungicidally, acaricidally or insecticidally active mixing components.

If the active compounds in the active compound combinations according tothe invention are present in certain weight ratios, the synergisticeffect is particularly pronounced. However, the weight ratios of theactive compounds in the active compound combinations can be variedwithin a relatively wide range. In general, the combinations accordingto the invention comprise the active compoundN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof the formula (I) and the mixing partners in the preferred,particularly preferred and very particularly preferred mixing ratiosstated in the table below:

The mixing ratios are based on weight ratios. The ratio is to beunderstood as meaning active compound of the formula (I):mixing partner:Very Particularly particularly Mixing partner Preferred preferredpreferred 1 triflumuron  10:1 to 1:150  5:1 to 1:50 1:1 to 1:5 2flufenoxuron 10:1 to 1:50  5:1 to 1:25 1:1 to 1:5 3 methoxy- 10:1 to1:50  5:1 to 1:30  1:1 to 1:15 fenozide 4 tebufenozide 10:1 to 1:50  5:1to 1:30  1:1 to 1:15 5 thiacloprid 200:1 to 1:100 150:1 to 1:25  50:1 to1:5  6 thiamethoxam 200:1 to 1:100 150:1 to 1:25  50:1 to 1:5  7dinotefuran 200:1 to 1:100 150:1 to 1:25  50:1 to 1:5  8 clothianidin1000:1 to 1:150  500:1 to 1:50  250:1 to 1:25  9 deltamethrin 50:1 to1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 10 ethiprole  10:1 to 1:150  5:1 to 1:501:1 to 1:5 11 fipronil 100:1 to 1:100 10:1 to 1:10 5:1 to 1:5 12indoxacarb 100:1 to 1:100 10:1 to 1:10 5:1 to 1:5 13 emamectin- 50:1 to1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1 benzoate 14 abamectin  50:1 to 1:100 25:1to 1:50  5:1 to 1:25 15 spinosad 50:1 to 1:10 25:1 to 1:5  5:1 to 1:1

The active compound combinations according to the invention are suitablefor controlling animal pests, preferably arthropods and nematodes, inparticular insects and arachnids, found in agriculture, in animalhealth, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities in the protectionof stored products and materials and in the hygiene sector, whileexhibiting good tolerability to plants, low toxicity to warm-bloodedspecies and good environmental compatibility. They are active againstnormally sensitive and resistant species, and against all or individualdevelopmental stages. The abovementioned pests include:

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus,Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.

From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus,Scutigera spp.

From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.

From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.

From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.

From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus,Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp.,Schistocerca gregaria.

From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalis,Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of the Phthiraptera, for example, Pediculus humanuscorporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp.,Damalinia spp.

From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothripsfemoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella accidentalis.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp.,Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodniusprolixus, Triatoma spp.

From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae,Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicorynebrassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosomalanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp.,Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi,Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecaniumcomi, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens,Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophoragossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletisblancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosomaneustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrixthurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltiaspp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolisflammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pierisspp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleriamellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophilapseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneurafumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana,Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.

From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum,Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus,Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedoncochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachnavarivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp.,Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus,Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogodermaspp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus,Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp.,Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha,Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampaspp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp.,Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphoraerythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp.,Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp.,Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinellafrit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae,Tipula paludosa, Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Xenopsylla cheopis,Ceratophyllus spp.

From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Scorpio maurus,Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp.,Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora,Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp.,Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemusspp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp.,Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp.

The plant-parasitic nematodes include, for example, Pratylenchus spp.,Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans,Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp.,Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.

The active compound combinations according to the invention of thecompound of the formula (I) and at least one compound 1 to 15 areparticularly suitable for controlling “biting” pests. These include, inparticular, the following pests:

From the order of the Lepidoptera for example, Pectinophora gossypiella,Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella,Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctischrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistiscitrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana,Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera spp.,Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyraustanubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineolabisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoeciapodana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella,Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.

From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum,Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus,Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedoncochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachnavarivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp.,Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus,Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogodermaspp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus,Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp.,Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha,Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrusoryzophilus.

The active compound combinations according to the invention of thecompound of the formula (I) and at least one compound 5 to 8 areadditionally particularly suitable for controlling “sucking” pests.These include, in particular, the following pests:

From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae,Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicorynebrassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosomalanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp.,Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi,Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecaniumcomi, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens,Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.

The active compound combinations according to the invention have, inparticular, excellent activity against caterpillars, beetle larvae,spider mites, aphids and leaf-mining flies.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can beconverted into the customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions,wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders,granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, natural and syntheticmaterials impregnated with active compound, and microencapsulations inpolymeric materials.

These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixingthe active compounds with extenders, that is, liquid solvents and/orsolid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is,emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers.

If the extender used is water, it is also possible, for example, to useorganic solvents as cosolvents. The following are essentially suitableas liquid solvents: aromatics such as xylene, toluene oralkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatichydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylenechloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, forexample mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols suchas butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such asacetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone,strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphoxide, or else water.

Suitable solid carriers are: for example ammonium salts and groundnatural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz,attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground syntheticmaterials such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; suitablesolid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionatednatural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite,or else synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granulesof organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs andtobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: forexample nonionic and anionic emulsifiers such as polyoxyethylene fattyacid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylarylpolyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates,or else protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are: for examplelignin-sulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.

Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and syntheticpolymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gumarabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else naturalphospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and syntheticphospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other additives can bemineral and vegetable oils.

It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for exampleiron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic colorants suchas alizarin colorants, azo colorants and metal phthalocyanine colorants,and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper,cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95% by weight ofactive compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can bepresent in their commercially available formulations and in the useforms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other activecompounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides,acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances orherbicides. The insecticides include, for example, phosphates,carbamates, carboxylates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas andsubstances produced by microorganisms, inter alia.

Mixtures with other known active compounds such as herbicides or withfertilizers and growth regulators are also possible.

When used as insecticides, the active compound combinations according tothe invention can furthermore be present in their commercially availableformulations and in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, asa mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds which increase theaction of the active compounds, without it being necessary for thesynergist added to be active itself.

The active compound content of the use forms prepared from thecommercially available formulations can vary within wide limits. Theactive compound concentration of the use forms can be from 0.0000001 to95% by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% byweight.

The compounds are employed in a customary manner appropriate for the useforms. When used against hygiene pests and stored-product pests, theactive compound combinations are distinguished by an excellent residualaction on wood and clay as well as good stability to alkali on limedsubstrates. P The active compound combinations according to theinvention are not only active against plant pests, hygiene pests andstored-product pests, but also, in the veterinary medicine sector,against animal parasites (ectoparasites) such as hard ticks, soft ticks,mange mites, harvest mites, flies (stinging and licking), parasitizingfly larvae, lice, head lice, bird lice and fleas. These parasitesinclude:

From the order of the Anoplurida, for example, Haematopinus spp.,Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp.

From the order of the Mallophagida and the suborders Amblycerina andIschnocerina, for example, Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp.,Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp.,Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.

From the order Diptera and the suborders Nematocerina and Brachycerina,for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp.,Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp.,Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopotaspp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp.,Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossinaspp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp.,Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp.,Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp., Melophagus spp.

From the order of the Siphonapterida, for example, Pulex spp.,Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.

From the order of the Heteropterida, for example, Cimex spp., Triatomaspp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.

From the order of the Blattarida, for example, Blatta orientalis,Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, Supella spp.

From the subclass of the Acaria (Acarida) and the orders of the Meta-and Mesostigmata, for example, Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobiusspp., Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp.,Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dernanyssus spp.,Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa spp.

From the order of the Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida(Astigmata), for example, Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp.,Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp.,Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp.,Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp.,Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp.,Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are alsosuitable for controlling arthropods which attack agricultural livestocksuch as, for example, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, donkeys,camels, buffaloes, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, honey-bees,other domestic animals such as, for example, dogs, cats, caged birds,aquarium fish and so-called experimental animals such as, for example,hamsters, guinea pigs, rats and mice. By controlling these arthropods,cases of death and reductions in productivity (for meat, milk, wool,hides, eggs, honey and the like) should be diminished, so that moreeconomical and simpler animal husbandry is possible by the use of theactive compound combinations according to the invention.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are used inthe veterinary sector in a known manner by enteral administration in theform of, for example, tablets, capsules, potions, drenches, granules,pastes, boluses, the feed-through method, suppositories, by parenteraladministration such as, for example, by injections (intramuscularly,subcutaneously, intravenously, intraperitoneally and the like),implants, by nasal administration, by dermal administration in the formof, for example, immersing or dipping, spraying, pouring-on,spotting-on, washing, dusting, and with the aid ofactive-compound-comprising moulded articles such as collars, ear tags,tail tags, limb bands, halters, marking devices and the like.

When used for cattle, poultry, domestic animals and the like, the activecompound combinations can be applied as formulations (for examplepowders, emulsions, flowables) comprising the active compounds in anamount of 1 to 80% by weight, either directly or after 100- to10,000-fold dilution, or they may be used as a chemical dip.

Moreover, it has been found that the active compound combinationsaccording to the invention show a potent insecticidal action againstinsects which destroy industrial materials.

The following insects may be mentioned by way of example and withpreference, but not by way of limitation:

Beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobiumpunctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticomis, Dendrobiumpertinex, Emobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctusafricanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens,Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec., Tryptodendronspec., Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus,Sinoxylon spec., Dinoderus minutus.

Dermapterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigastaignus, Urocerus augur.

Termites such as Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis,Heterotermes indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermessantonensis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis,Zootermopsis nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.

Bristle-tails such as Lepisma saccharina.

Industrial materials in the present context are understood as meaningnon-living materials such as, preferably, polymers, adhesives, glues,paper and board, leather, wood, timber products and paints.

The material which is to be protected from insect attack is veryparticularly preferably wood and timber products.

Wood and timber products which can be protected by the compositionaccording to the invention, or mixtures comprising it, are to beunderstood as meaning, for example:

Construction timber, wooden beams, railway sleepers, bridge components,jetties, vehicles made of wood, boxes, pallets, containers, telephonepoles, wood lagging, windows and doors made of wood, plywood, chipboard,joinery, or timber products which quite generally are used in houseconstruction or building joinery.

The active compound combinations can be used as such, in the form ofconcentrates or generally customary formulations such as powders,granules, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or pastes.

The abovementioned formulations can be prepared in a manner known perse, for example by mixing the active compounds with at least one solventor diluent, emulsifier, dispersant and/or binder or fixative, waterrepellant, if desired desiccants and UV stabilizers, and if desiredcolorants and pigments and other processing auxiliaries.

The insecticidal compositions or concentrates used for protecting woodand timber products comprise the active compound according to theinvention in a concentration of 0.0001 to 95% by weight, in particular0.001 to 60% by weight.

The amount of composition or concentrate employed depends on the speciesand the abundance of the insects and on the medium. The optimal quantityto be employed can be determined in each case by test series uponapplication. In general, however, it will suffice to employ 0.0001 to20% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 10% by weight, of the activecompound, based on the material to be protected.

A suitable solvent and/or diluent is an organochemical solvent orsolvent mixture and/or an oily or oil-type organochemical solvent orsolvent mixture of low volatility and/or a polar organochemical solventor solvent mixture and/or water and, if appropriate, an emulsifierand/or wetter.

Organochemical solvents which are preferably employed are oily oroil-type solvents with an evaporation number of above 35 and a flashpoint of above 30° C., preferably above 45° C. Such oily and oil-typesolvents which are insoluble in water and of low volatility and whichare used are suitable mineral oils or their aromatic fractions ormineral-oil-containing solvent mixtures, preferably white spirit,petroleum and/or alkylbenzene.

Mineral oils with a boiling range of 170 to 220° C., white spirit with aboiling range of 170 to 220° C., spindle oil with a boiling range of 250to 350° C., petroleum and aromatics with a boiling range of 160 to 280°C., oil of turpentine, and the like are advantageously used.

In a preferred embodiment, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boilingrange of 180 to 210° C. or high-boiling mixtures of aromatic andaliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 180 to 220° C. and/orspindle oil and/or monochloronaphthalene, preferably(x-monochloronaphthalene, are used.

The organic oily or oil-type solvents of low volatility and with anevaporation number of above 35 and a flash point of above 30° C.,preferably above 45° C., can be replaced in part by organochemicalsolvents of high or medium volatility, with the proviso that the solventmixture also has an evaporation number of above 35 and a flash point ofabove 30° C., preferably above 45° C., and that the mixture is solubleor emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, some of the organochemical solvent or solventmixture is replaced by an aliphatic polar organochemical solvent orsolvent mixture. Aliphatic organochemical solvents which containhydroxyl and/or ester and/or ether groups are preferably used, such as,for example, glycol ethers, esters or the like.

Organochemical binders used for the purposes of the present inventionare the synthetic resins and/or binding drying oils which are known perse and which can be diluted in water and/or dissolved or dispersed oremulsified in the organochemical solvents employed, in particularbinders composed of, or comprising, an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin,for example polyvinyl acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation orpolyaddition resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkydresin, phenol resin, hydrocarbon resin such as indene/coumarone resin,silicone resin, drying vegetable and/or drying oils and/or physicallydrying binders based on a natural and/or synthetic resin.

The synthetic resin employed as binder can be employed in the form of anemulsion, dispersion or solution. Bitumen or bituminous substances mayalso be used as binders, in amounts of up to 10% by weight. In addition,colorants, pigments, water repellants, odour-masking agents, andinhibitors or anticorrosive agents and the like, all of which are knownper se, can be employed.

In accordance with the invention, the composition or the concentratepreferably comprises, as organochemical binders, at least one alkydresin or modified alkyd resin and/or a drying vegetable oil. Alkydresins which are preferably used in accordance with the invention arethose with an oil content of over 45% by weight, preferably 50 to 68% byweight.

Some or all of the abovementioned binder can be replaced by a fixative(mixture) or plasticizer (mixture). These additives are intended toprevent volatilization of the active compounds, and also crystallizationor precipitation. They preferably replace 0.01 to 30% of the binder(based on 100% of binder employed).

The plasticizers are from the chemical classes of the phthalic esters,such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate or benzyl butyl phthalate,phosphoric esters such as tributyl phosphate, adipic esters such asdi-(2-ethylhexyl)-adipate, stearates such as butyl stearate or amylstearate, oleates such as butyl oleate, glycerol ethers orhigher-molecular-weight glycol ethers, glycerol esters andp-toluenesulphonic esters.

Fixatives are based chemically on polyvinyl alkyl ethers such as, forexample, polyvinyl methyl ether, or ketones such as benzophenone andethylenebenzophenone.

Other suitable solvents or diluents are, in particular, water, ifappropriate as a mixture with one or more of the abovementionedorganochemical solvents or diluents, emulsifiers and dispersants.

Particularly effective timber protection is achieved by industrial-scaleimpregnating processes, for example the vacuum, double-vacuum orpressure processes.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can at thesame time be employed for protecting objects which come into contactwith saltwater or brackish water, such as hulls, screens, nets,buildings, moorings and signalling systems, against fouling.

Fouling by sessile Oligochaeta, such as Serpulidae, and by shells andspecies from the Ledamorpha group (goose barnacles), such as variousLepas and Scalpellum species, or by species from the Balanomorpha group(acorn barnacles), such as Balanus or Pollicipes species, increases thefrictional drag of ships and, as a consequence, leads to a markedincrease in operation costs owing to higher energy consumption andadditionally frequent stops in the dry dock.

Apart from fouling by algae, for example Ectocarpus sp. and Ceramiumsp., fouling by sessile Entomostraka groups, which come under thegeneric term Cirripedia (cirriped crustaceans), is of particularimportance.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the active compoundcombinations according to the invention have an outstanding antifoulingaction.

Using the active compound combinations according to the invention allowsthe use of heavy metals such as, for example, in bis(trialkyltin)sulphides, tri-n-butyltin laurate, tri-n-butyltin chloride, copper(I)oxide, triethyltin chloride, tri-n-butyl(2-phenyl-4-chlorophenoxy)tin,tributyltin oxide, molybdenum disulphide, antimony oxide, polymericbutyl titanate, phenyl-(bispyridine)-bismuth chloride, tri-n-butyltinfluoride, manganese ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zincdimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc ethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc salts andcopper salts of 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, bisdimethyldithiocarbamoylzincethylenebisthiocarbamate, zinc oxide, copper(I)ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate, copper thiocyanate, copper naphthenate andtributyltin halides to be dispensed with, or the concentration of thesecompounds to be substantially reduced.

If appropriate, the ready-to-use antifouling paints can additionallycomprise other active compounds, preferably algicides, fungicides,herbicides, molluscicides, or other antifouling active compounds.

Preferable suitable components in combinations with the antifoulingcompositions according to the invention are:

algicides such as2-tert-butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine,dichlorophen, diuron, endothal, fentin acetate, isoproturon,methabenzthiazuron, oxy-fluorfen, quinoclamine and terbutryn;

fungicides such as benzo[b]thiophenecarboxylic acid cyclohexylamideS,S-dioxide, dichlofluanid, fluorfolpet, 3-iodo-2-propinylbutylcarbamate, tolylfluanid and azoles such as azaconazole,cyproconazole, epoxyconazole, hexaconazole, metconazole, propiconazoleand tebuconazole;

molluscicides such as fentin acetate, metaldehyde, methiocarb,niclosamid, thiodicarb and trimethacarb;

or conventional antifouling active compounds such as4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, diiodomethylparatrylsulphone, 2-(N,N-dimethyl-thiocarbamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl, potassium,copper, sodium and zinc salts of 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide,pyridine-triphenylborane, tetrabutyldistannoxane,2,3,5,6-tetrachloro4-(methylsulphonyl)-pyridine,2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetramethylthiuram disulphide and2,4,6-trichlorophenylmaleiimide.

The antifouling compositions used comprise the active compoundcombinations according to the invention in a concentration of 0.001 to50% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 20% by weight.

Moreover, the antifouling compositions according to the inventioncomprise the customary components such as, for example, those describedin Ungerer, Chem. Ind. 1985, 37, 730-732 and Williams, AntifoulingMarine Coatings, Noyes, Park Ridge, 1973.

Besides the algicidal, fungicidal, molluscicidal active compounds andinsecticidal active compounds according to the invention, antifoulingpaints comprise, in particular, binders.

Examples of recognized binders are polyvinyl chloride in a solventsystem, chlorinated rubber in a solvent system, acrylic resins in asolvent system, in particular in an aqueous system, vinyl chloride/vinylacetate copolymer systems in the form of aqueous dispersions or in theform of organic solvent systems, butadiene/styrene/acrylonitrilerubbers, drying oils such as linseed oil, resin esters or modifiedhardened resins in combination with tar or bitumens, asphalt and epoxycompounds, small amounts of chlorine rubber, chlorinated polypropyleneand vinyl resins.

If appropriate, paints also comprise inorganic pigments, organicpigments or colorants which are preferably insoluble in salt water.Paints may furthermore comprise materials such as colophonium to allowcontrolled release of the active compounds. Furthermore, the paints maycomprise plasticizers, modifiers which affect the rheological propertiesand other conventional constituents. The compounds according to theinvention or the abovementioned mixtures may also be incorporated intoself-polishing antifouling systems.

The active compound combinations are also suitable for controllinganimal pests, in particular insects, arachnids and mites, which arefound in enclosed spaces such as, for example, dwellings, factory halls,offices, vehicle cabins and the like. They can be employed in domesticinsecticide products for controlling these pests. They are activeagainst sensitive and resistant species and against all developmentalstages. These pests include:

From the order of the Scorpionidea, for example, Buthus occitanus.

From the order of the Acarina, for example, Argas persicus, Argasreflexus, Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus,Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula alfreddugesi,Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides pteronissimus,Dermnatophagoides forinae.

From the order of the Araneae, for example, Aviculariidae, Araneidae.

From the order of the Opiliones, for example, Pseudoscorpiones chelifer,Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.

From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Porcellioscaber.

From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus,Polydesmus spp.

From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp.

From the order of the Zygentoma, for example, Ctenolepisma spp., Lepismasaccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.

From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalies,Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae, Panchloraspp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta americana,Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Supella longipalpa.

From the order of the Saltatoria, for example, Acheta domesticus.

From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.

From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Kalotermes spp.,Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of the Psocoptera, for example, Lepinatus spp.,Liposcelis spp.

From the order of the Coleptera, for example, Anthrenus spp., Attagenusspp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus spp.,Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae,Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.

From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes aegypti, Aedesalbopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphoraerythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culexpipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Muscadomestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium spp.,Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.

From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella,Galleria mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tineapellionella, Tineola bisselliella.

From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ctenocephalides canis,Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsyllacheopis.

From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Camponotus herculeanus,Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium pharaonis,Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.

From the order of the Anoplura, for example, Pediculus humanus capitis,Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis.

From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Cimex hemipterus, Cimexlectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatorna infestans.

They are used as aerosols, pressureless spray products, for example pumpand atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems, foggers, foams, gels,evaporator products with evaporator tablets made of cellulose orpolymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane evaporators,propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive, evaporationsystems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as granules or dusts, inbaits for spreading or in bait stations.

According to the invention, it is possible to treat all plants and partsof plants. Plants are to be understood here as meaning all plants andplant populations such as desired and undesired wild plants or cropplants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can beplants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimizationmethods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods orcombinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants andincluding the plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plantbreeders' certificates. Parts of plants are to be understood as meaningall above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such asshoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned beingleaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit-bodies, fruits and seedsand also roots, tubers and rhizomes. Parts of plants also includeharvested plants and vegetative and generative propagation material, forexample seedlings, tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds.

The treatment according to the invention of the plants and parts ofplants with the active compounds is carried out directly or by action ontheir environment, habitat or storage area according to customarytreatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating,atomizing, broadcasting, brushing-on and, in the case of propagationmaterial, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore by one- ormulti-layer coating.

As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and theirparts according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plantspecies and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventionalbiological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, andparts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment,transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering,if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (GeneticallyModified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms “parts”,“parts of plants” and “plant parts” have been explained above.

Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in eachcase commercially available or in use are treated according to theinvention.

Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location andgrowth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), thetreatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive(“synergistic”) effects. Thus, for example, reduced application ratesand/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in theactivity of the substances and compositions which can be used accordingto the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high orlow temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soilsalt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting,accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or ahigher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storagestability and/or processability of the harvested products are possiblewhich exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.

The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (i.e. those obtained by geneticengineering) which are preferred and to be treated according to theinvention include all plants which, in the genetic modification,received genetic material which imparts particularly advantageous usefultraits to these plants. Examples of such traits are better plant growth,increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance todrought or to water or soil salt content, increased floweringperformance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvestyields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of theharvested products, better storage stability and/or processability ofthe harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples ofsuch traits are a better defence of the plants against animal andmicrobial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi,bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants tocertain herbicidally active compounds. Examples of transgenic plantswhich may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals(wheat, rice), maize, soya beans, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, oilseedrape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruitsand grapes), and particular emphasis is given to maize, soya beans,potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are particularlyemphasized are the increased defence of the plants against insects,arachnids, nematodes and worms by toxins formed in the plants, inparticular those formed in the plants by the genetic material fromBacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b),CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF andalso combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to as “Bt plants”).Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defenceof plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquiredresistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and also resistancegenes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that arefurthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of theplants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for exampleimidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (forexample the “PAT” gene). The genes in question which impart the desiredtraits can also be present in combination with one another in thetransgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” which may be mentioned aremaize varieties, cotton varieties, soya bean varieties and potatovarieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for examplemaize, cotton, soya beans), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink®(for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucotn® (cotton) and NewLeaf®(potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentionedare maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya bean varieties which aresold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, forexample maize, cotton, soya beans), Liberty Link® (tolerance tophosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance toimidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for examplemaize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional mannerfor herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varietiessold under the name Clearfield®) (for example maize). Of course, thesestatements also apply to plant cultivars having these orstill-to-be-developed genetic traits, which plants will be developedand/or marketed in the future.

The plants listed can be treated according to the invention in aparticularly advantageous manner with the active compound mixturesaccording to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above for themixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particularemphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the mixturesspecifically mentioned in the present text.

The good insecticidal and acaricidal action of the active compoundcombinations according to the invention can be seen from the exampleswhich follow. While the individual active compounds show weaknesses intheir action, the combinations show an action which exceeds a simple sumof actions.

A synergistic effect in insecticides and acaricides is always presentwhen the action of the active compound combinations exceeds the total ofthe actions of the active compounds when applied individually.

The expected action for a given combination of two active compounds canbe calculated as follows, using “Colby's formula” (cf. S. R. Colby,“Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of HerbicideCombinations”, Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):

If

-   -   X is the kill rate, expressed as a percentage of the untreated        control, when employing active compound A at an application rate        of m g/ha or in a concentration of m ppm,    -   Y is the kill rate, expressed as a percentage of the untreated        control, when employing active compound B at an application rate        of n g/ha or in a concentration of n ppm and    -   E is the kill rate, expressed as a percentage of the untreated        control, when employing active compounds A and B at application        rates of m and n g/ha or in a concentration of m and n ppm,    -   then $E = {X + Y - \frac{X \cdot Y}{100}}$

If the actual insecticidal kill rate exceeds the calculated value, theaction of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect ispresent. In this case, the actually observed kill rate must exceed thevalue calculated using the above formula for the expected kill rate (E).

USE EXAMPLES

In all use examples, the compoundN²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-phthalamideof the formula (I) is referred to in short as “(I)”.

Example A

Aphis gossypii test Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamideEmulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part be, weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desiredconcentrations.

Cotton leaves (Gossypium hirsutum) which are heavily infested by thecotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphidshave been killed. The determined kill rates are calculated using Colby'sformula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE APlant-damaging insects Aphis gossypii test Concentration of Kill rateactive compound in in % after 6^(d) Active compounds ppm found* calc.**thiacloprid 3 50 (I) 500 0 thiacloprid + (I) (1:167) 3 + 500 80 50*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula

Example B

Myzus test Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamide Emulsifier: 2parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) which are heavily infested by thegreen peach aphid (Myzus persicea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all aphids have been killed; 0% means that none of the aphidshave been killed. The determined kill rates are calculated using Colby'sformula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE BPlant-damaging insects Myzus test Concentration of Kill rate activecompound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found* calc.** d***thiacloprid 3 60 6 (I) 500 0 6 thiacloprid + (I) (1:167)  3 + 500 85 606 clothianidin 0.6 60 6 (I) 500 0 6 clothianidin + (I) (1:833)  0.6 +500  98 60 6 thiamethoxam 0.6 85 1 (I) 100 0 1 thiamethoxam + (I)  0.6 +100  90 85 1 (1:167) dinotefuran 3 15 1 (I) 100 0 1 dinotefuran + (I)(1:33)  3 + 100 35 15 1*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example C

Phaedon larvae test Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamideEmulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with larvae of the mustard beetle (Phaedon cochleariae) whilethe leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all beetle larvae have been killed; 0% means that none of thebeetle larvae have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE CPlant-damaging insects Phaedon larvae test Concentration of Kill rateactive compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found* calc.** d***thiacloprid 15 85 6 (I) 3 70 6 thiacloprid + (I) (5:1) 15 + 3  100 95.56 triflumuron 0.6 0 6 (I) 0.12 0 6 triflumuron + (I) (5:1)  0.6 + 0.1270 0 6 thiamethoxam 15 85 3 (I) 3 60 3 thiamethoxam + (I) (5:1) 15 + 3 100 94 3 emamectin-benzoate 0.006 10 6 (I) 0.12 0 6 emamectin-benzoate +0.006 + 0.12  100 10 6 (I) (1:20) flufenoxuron 3 0 3 (I) 0.6 0 3flufenoxuron + (I) (5:1)   3 + 0.6 95 0 3 abamectin 0.12 25 3 (I) 0.6 03 abamectin + (I) (1:5) 0.12 + 0.6  80 25 3 indoxacarb 0.6 35 3 (I) 0.120 3 indoxacarb + (I) (5:1)  0.6 + 0.12 100 35 3*found. = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example D

Plutella test, resistant strain Solvent: 7 parts by weight ofdimethylformamide Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with caterpillars of the diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella, resistant strain) while the leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of thecaterpillars have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE DPlant-damaging insects Plutella test, resistant strain Concentration ofKill rate active compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found*calc.** d*** thiacloprid 3 5 3 (I) 0.024 70 3 thiacloprid + (I) (125:1)   3 + 0.024 100 71.5 3 triflumuron 3 0 6 (I) 0.024 30 6 triflumuron +(I) (125:1)    3 + 0.024 75 30 6 (I) 0.02 30 6 methoxyfenozide 0.6 0 6(I) + methoxyfenozide 0.02 + 0.6  50 30 6 (1:30) thiamethoxam 3 0 6 (I)0.024 90 6 thiamethoxam + (I)    3 + 0.024 95 90 6 (125:1)emamectin-benzoate 0.00024 15 6 (I) 0.0048 10 6 emamectin-benzoate +0.00024 + 0.0048  85 23.5 6 (I) (1:20) flufenoxuron 0.12 40 6 (I) 0.00480 6 flufenoxuron + (I) (25:1)  0.12 + 0.0048 100 40 6 indoxacarb 0.12 506 (I) 0.024 85 6 indoxacarb + (I) (5:1)  0.12 + 0.024 100 92.5 6*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example E

Plutella test, resistant strain Solvent: 7 parts by weight ofdimethylformamide Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with caterpillars of the diamondback moth (Plutellaxylostella, sensitive strain) while the leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of thecaterpillars have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own:Concentration of Kill rate active compound in in % after d Activecompounds ppm found* calc.** d*** triflumuron 0.6 0 3 (I) 0.0048 0 3triflumuron + (I) (125:1)   0.6 + 0.0048 100 0 3 (I) 0.0064 60 6deltamethrin 0.00128 40 6 (I) + deltamethrin (5:1)  0.0064 + 0.00128 9576 6 (I) 0.024 55 3 fipronil 0.12 65 3 (I) + fipronil (1:5) 0.024 + 0.12100 84.25 3 emamectin-benzoate 0.00024 10 6 (I) 0.0048 25 6emamectin-benzoate + 0.00024 + 0.0048 95 32.5 6 (I) (1:20) flufenoxuron0.12 0 3 (I) 0.0048 0 3 flufenoxuron + (I) (25:1)   0.12 + 0.0048 85 0 3abamectin 0.00096 35 3 (I) 0.0048 0 3 abamectin + (I) (1:5) 0.00096 +0.0048 85 35 3 indoxacarb 0.024 0 3 (I) 0.0048 0 3 indoxacarb + (I)(5:1)  0.024 + 0.0048 65 0 3 (I) 0.032 65 3 spinosad 0.0064 5 3 (I) +spinosad (5:1)  0.032 + 0.0064 100 66.75 3*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example F

Heliothis armigera Test Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamideEmulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Soyabean shoots (Glycine max) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with Heliothis armigera caterpillars while the leaves arestill moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of thecaterpillars have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE FPlant-damaging insects Heliothis armigera test Concentration of Killrate active compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found* calc.**d*** clothianidin 3 10 3 (I) 0.024 80 3 clothianidin + (I) (125:1)   3 + 0.024 90 82 3 triflumuron 15 0 3 (I) 0.12 80 3 triflumuron + (I)(125:1)   15 + 0.12 100 80 3 (I) 0.032 90 4 deltamethrin 0.0064 10 4(I) + deltamethrin (5:1)  0.032 + 0.0064 100 91 4 (I) 0.1 80 3methoxyfenozide 3 50 3 (I) + methoxyfenozide 0.1 + 3  100 90 3 (1:30)(I) 0.024 70 6 fipronil 0.12 10 6 (I) + fipronil (1:5) 0.024 + 0.12 8073 6 emamectin-benzoate 0.00024 0 6 (I) 0.0048 10 6 emamectin-benzoate +0.00024 + 0.0048 100 10 6 (I) (1:20) flufenoxuron 0.12 15 6 (I) 0.004815 6 flufenoxuron + (I) (25:1)   0.12 + 0.0048 75 27.75 6 abamectin0.0048 30 6 (I) 0.024 70 6 abamectin + (I) (1:5) 0.0048 + 0.024 100 79 6

TABLE F Plant-damaging insects Heliothis armigera test Concentration ofKill rate active compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found*calc.** d*** indoxacarb 0.024  0 6 (I) 0.0048 0 6 indoxacarb + (I) (5:1)0.024 + 0.0048 50 0 6*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example G

Spodoptera frugiperda Test Solvent: 7 parts by weight ofdimethylformamide Emulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with caterpillars of the armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)while the leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of thecaterpillars have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE GPlant-damaging insects Spodoptera frugiperda test Concentration of Killrate active compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found* calc.**d*** triflumuron 0.12 5 3 (I) 0.024 70 3 triflumuron + (I) (5:1)  0.12 +0.024 85 71.5 3 ethiprole 20 10 6 (I) 0.16 95 6 ethiprole + (I) (125:1)  20 + 0.16 100 95.5 6 (I) 0.16 70 4 deltamethrin 0.0064 0 4 (I) +deltamethrin (25:1)   0.16 + 0.0064 100 70 4 (I) 0.02 5 6methoxyfenozide 0.6 5 6 (I) + methoxyfenozide 0.02 + 0.6 70 9.75 6(1:30) (I) 0.12 50 3 fipronil 0.6 20 3 (I) + fipronil (1:5) 0.12 + 0.680 60 3 dinotefuran 3 40 3 (I) 0.024 35 3 dinotefuran + (I) (125:1)   3 + 0.024 80 61 3 emamectin-benzoate 0.006 70 3 (I) 0.12 30 3emamectin-benzoate + 0.006 + 0.12 100 79 3 (I) (1:20) abamectin 3 25 3(I) 0.12 35 3 abamectin + (I) (25:1)    3 + 0.12 100 51.25 3

TABLE G Plant-damaging insects Spodoptera frugiperda test Concentrationof Kill rate active compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found*calc.** d*** indoxacarb 0.6 60 3 (I) 0.12 25 3 indoxacarb + (I) (5:1)0.6 + 0.12 100 70 3 (I) 0.16 70 3 spinosad 0.032 35 3 (I) + spinosad(5:1) 0.16 + 0.032 100 80.5 3*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example H

Spodoptera exigua Test Solvent: 7 parts by weight of dimethylformamideEmulsifier: 2 parts by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent andemulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with emulsifier-containingwater to the desired concentration.

Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being dipped into thepreparation of active compound of the desired concentration and arepopulated with caterpillars of the armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) whilethe leaves are still moist.

After the desired period of time, the kill in % is determined. 100%means that all caterpillars have been killed; 0% means that none of thecaterpillars have been killed. The determined kill rates are calculatedusing Colby's formula (see page 29).

In this test, for example, the following active compound combinationaccording to the present application shows a synergistically enhancedactivity, compared to the active compounds applied on their own: TABLE HPlant-damaging insects Spodoptera exigua test Concentration of Kill rateactive compound in in % after d Active compounds ppm found* calc.** d***triflumuron 15 15 3 (I) 0.12 40 3 triflumuron + (I) (125:1)  15 + 0.12100 49 3 (I) 0.032 10 4 deltamethrin 0.00128 0 4 (I) + deltamethrin(25:1)  0.032 + 0.00128 80 10 4 emamectin-benzoate 0.0012 20 6 (I) 0.02440 6 emamectin-benzoate + 0.0012 + 0.024  100 52 6 (I) (1:20)flufenoxuron 0.6 0 3 (I) 0.12 40 3 flufenoxuron + (I) (5:1) 0.6 + 0.12100 40 3 abamectin 3 70 6 (I) 0.12 85 6 abamectin + (I) (25:1)   3 +0.12 100 95.5 6 indoxacarb 0.6 20 3 (I) 0.12 0 3 indoxacarb + (I) (5:1)0.6 + 0.12 100 20 3*found = activity found**calc. = activity calculated using Colby's formula***d = evaluation after the given number of days

Example I

Critical Concentration Test/Soil Insects—Treatment of Transgenic Plants

Test insect: Diabrotica balteata—larvae in soil Solvent: 7 parts byweight of acetone Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycolether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent, thestated amount of emulsifier is added and the concentrate is diluted withwater to the desired concentration.

The preparation of active compound is poured onto the soil. Here, theconcentration of active compound in the preparation is virtuallyirrelevant; only the amount by weight of active compound per volume unitof soil, which is stated in ppm (mg/l) matters. 0.25 l pots are filledwith the soil and allowed to stand at 20° C.

Immediately after preparation, 5 pre-germinated maize corns of thecultivar YIELD GUARD (trademark of Monsanto Comp., USA) are placed intoeach pot. After 2 days, the corresponding test insects are placed intothe treated soil. After a further 7 days, the efficacy of the activecompound is determined by counting the maize plants that have emerged (1plant=20% efficacy).

Example K

Heliothis virescens Test—Treatment of Transgenic Plants Solvent: 7 partsby weight of acetone Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylarylpolyglycol ether

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weightof active compound is mixed with the stated amount of solvent and thestated amount of emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with waterto the desired concentration.

Soyabean shoots (Glycine max) of the cultivar Roundup Ready (trademarkof Monsanto Comp. USA) are treated by being dipped into the preparationof active compound of the desired concentration and are populated withthe tobacco bollworm Heliothis virescens while the leaves are stillmoist.

After the desired period of time, the kill of the insects is determined.

1-4. (canceled)
 5. A composition comprising a mixture of (a)N²-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N¹-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}phthalamideof formula (I)

and (b) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting oftriflumuron, flufenoxuron, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, thiacloprid,thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, clothianidin, deltamethrin, ethiprole,fipronil, indoxacarb, emamectin-benzoate, abamectin, and spinosad.
 6. Amethod for controlling animal pests comprising allowing an effectiveamount of a mixture of claim 5 to act on animal pests and/or theirhabitat.
 7. A process for preparing an insecticidal and acaricidalcomposition comprising mixing a mixture of claim 5 with extenders and/orsurfactants.